ABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo descrever as invenções tecnológicas desenvolvidas por cuidadores familiares na perspectiva de profissionais da atenção domiciliar, discutindo-as a luz das necessidades de cuidado no domicílio. Método pesquisa qualitativa, multicêntrica, apoiada no modelo teórico das Necessidades Humanas Básicas, de Wanda Horta. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de entrevistas com 52 profissionais de equipes de Atenção Domiciliar de quatro municípios de Minas Gerais, submetidas à Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados foram identificadas 27 invenções criadas por cuidadores com materiais/recursos existentes no domicílio. A maior parte das invenções foi motivada pelas necessidades psicobiológicas de movimentação, posicionamento, proteção e conforto, alimentação, eliminações fisiológicas, higiene e terapêutica medicamentosa. Outras invenções foram motivadas pelas necessidades psicossociais e psicoespirituais para melhorar a comunicação entre o cuidador e o familiar, proporcionar lazer, distração e conforto espiritual. Conclusões/Implicações para a prática os processos de invenção de cuidadores explicitam consciência reflexiva ao articularem, assistemática e intuitivamente, recursos e objetos existentes no domicílio, gerando estratégias ou produtos semelhantes a tecnologias existentes. Estas invenções podem ser avaliadas, estimuladas, orientadas ou refutadas pelos profissionais de saúde cotidianamente envolvidos no cuidado domiciliar.
Resumen Objetivo describir las invenciones tecnológicas desarrolladas por los cuidadores familiares desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de la atención domiciliaria, discutiéndolas a la luz de las necesidades de atención en el hogar. Método investigación cualitativa, sustentada en el modelo teórico de las Necesidades Humanas Básicas. Los datos fueron obtenidos a partir de entrevistas con 52 profesionales de equipos de Atención Domiciliaria de cuatro municipios de Minas Gerais, sometidos al Análisis de Contenido. Resultados se identificaron 27 inventos creados por cuidadores con materiales disponibles en casa. La mayoría de los inventos fueron motivados por las necesidades psicobiológicas de movimiento, posicionamiento, protección y comodidad, alimentación, eliminaciones, higiene y farmacoterapia. Otros inventos fueron motivados por las necesidades psicosociales y psicoespirituales de mejorar la comunicación entre el cuidador y el familiar, proporcionando entretenimiento, distracción y consuelo espiritual. Conclusiones/Implicaciones para la práctica las invenciones de los cuidadores muestran una conciencia reflexiva al articular, de manera asistemática e intuitiva, los recursos y objetos existentes en el hogar, generando estrategias o productos similares a las tecnologías existentes. Estas invenciones pueden ser evaluadas, estimuladas, guiadas o refutadas por profesionales de la salud.
Abstract Objective To describe the technological inventions developed by family caregivers from the perspective of home care professionals, discussing them in the light of the care needs at home. Method qualitative, multicenter research, supported by the theoretical model of the Basic Human Needs of Wanda Horta. The data were obtained from interviews with 52 professionals from Home Care teams in four municipalities of Minas Gerais, which were submitted to Content Analysis. Results were identified 27 inventions created by caregivers with materials/resources existing at home. Most of the inventions were motivated by the psychobiological needs of movement, positioning, protection and comfort, feeding, physiological eliminations, hygiene and drug therapy. Other inventions were motivated by psychosocial and psychospiritual needs to improve communication between caregiver and family member, provide leisure, distraction, and spiritual comfort. Conclusions/Implications for practice the processes of invention of caregivers show reflective awareness by articulating, unsystematically and intuitively, existing resources and objects at home, generating strategies or products similar to existing technologies. These inventions can be evaluated, stimulated, guided or refuted by health professionals involved in home care on a daily basis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Needs Assessment , Home NursingABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the discourses of health professionals about technologies in home care. Method: Qualitative research conducted in four public home care services in Minas Gerais. Data obtained from interviews with 52 professionals submitted to Critical Discourse Analysis. Results: The results indicate the functional and economic-financial discourse about the technologies. The economic discourse is dominant and reveals the contradiction between investing in high-cost equipment and the insufficiency of basic inputs for care. There is a tendency to reproduce hospital-centered logic with high technological density. The inventiveness and a process of adaptation at home are evidenced. Conclusion: The discourses of health professionals indicate that the circumstances of home care are determinants of the adaptations and improvisations that occur in this context and are due to the contradictions between innovating, inventing, and investing in technologies in home care.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los discursos profesionales sobre las tecnologías en el cuidado del hogar. Método: Investigación cualitativa realizada en cuatro servicios públicos de atención domiciliaria en Minas Gerais. Datos obtenidos de entrevistas con 52 profesionales sometidos a Análisis Crítico del Discurso. Resultados: Los resultados indican el discurso funcional y económico-financiero sobre las tecnologías. El discurso económico es dominante y revela la contradicción entre invertir en equipos de alto costo y una atención básica insuficiente. Existe una tendencia a reproducir lógica centrada en el hospital con alta densidad tecnológica. Se evidencia la inventiva y un proceso de adaptación en el hogar. Conclusión: Los discursos de los profesionales de la salud señalan que las circunstancias de la atención domiciliaria son determinantes de las adaptaciones e improvisaciones que se dan en este contexto y se deben a las contradicciones entre innovar, inventar e invertir en tecnologías en atención domiciliaria.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar discursos de profissionais de saúde sobre as tecnologias na atenção domiciliar. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada em quatro serviços públicos de atenção domiciliar de Minas Gerais. Dados obtidos de entrevistas com 52 profissionais, submetidas à Análise de Discurso Crítica. Resultados: Os resultados indicam o discurso funcional e econômico-financeiro sobre as tecnologias. O discurso econômico é dominante e revela a contradição entre investir em equipamentos de alto custo e a insuficiência de insumos básicos para o cuidado. Há uma tendência de reprodução da lógica hospitalocêntrica com alta densidade tecnológica. Evidencia-se a inventividade e um processo de adaptação no domicílio. Conclusão: Os discursos dos profissionais de saúde indicam que as circunstâncias do cuidado domiciliar são determinantes das adaptações e improvisos que ocorrem neste contexto e são decorrentes das contradições entre inovar, inventar e investir nas tecnologias na AD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Mammaplasty , Coronavirus Infections , Brazil , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Cancer Care Facilities , BetacoronavirusABSTRACT
Genes associated with wound healing have been shown to be risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) which is caused by Leishmania braziliensis. In this study, we examined whether the genes previously associated with CL influenced the clinical outcome. Patients were genotyped and retrospectively classified as responders, who were cured with a single course of pentavalent antimony (Sbv), or as refractories, who did not respond to Sbv. Patients characterised as responders showed a stronger response to the leishmanin skin test (LST) when compared to the refractory subjects (p = 0.0003). Furthermore, we observed an association between the FLI1 CC genotype and an increased size of ulcers (p = 0.0170). We suggest that the leishmanin skin test may be a predictive tool for therapeutic outcome and reinforce FLI1 as a potential influencer of susceptibility and lesion size in CL.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Wound Healing/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/genetics , Antimony/therapeutic use , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Skin Tests , Case-Control Studies , Retrospective Studies , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Genotype , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND Leprosy or hansen’s disease is a spectral disease whose clinical forms mostly depends on host’s immune and genetic factors. Different Toll-like receptors (TLR) variants have been described associated with leprosy, but with some lack of replication across different populations. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of polymorphisms in genes TLR1, TLR2 and TLR4 and susceptibility to leprosy in a genetic case control study; to verify the association between genotypes of these markers and the immunological profile in the serum of patients with leprosy. METHODS Pre-designed TaqMan® assays were used to genotype markers at TLR1 (rs4833095, rs5743551), TLR2 (rs7656411, rs3804099) and TLR4 (rs1927914, rs1927911). A panel of cytokines and chemokines was accessed by enzime-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test in the serum of a subgroup of patients with and without leprosy reactions. FINDINGS Our results show an association between the T allele of rs3804099 at the TLR2 gene and increased risk for leprosy per se [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.296, p = 0,022]. In addition, evaluating the association between different genotypes of the TLR1, 2 and 4 markers and cytokine/chemokine serological levels, IL-17 appears as an immunological marker regulated by the polymorphism of the three TLR genes evaluated, whereas different TLR1 genotypes were associated with differential production of IL-12p40 and MCP-1(CCL2). Furthermore, other relevant serum markers such as CXCL-10 and IL-6 seemed to be regulated by TLR2 variants and IL-1β was related to TLR4 genotypes. MAIN CONCLUSIONS All together our data points that the tested TLR markers may have a regulatory role in the immunity against Mycobacterium leprae, by driving the host’s production of key cytokines and chemokines involved in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Chemokines/immunology , Chemokines/blood , Toll-Like Receptor 1/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics , Leprosy/genetics , Leprosy/immunology , Case-Control Studies , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Alleles , Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay , GenotypeABSTRACT
American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a vector-transmitted infectious disease with an estimated 1.5 million new cases per year. In Brazil, ACL represents a significant public health problem, with approximately 30,000 new reported cases annually, representing an incidence of 18.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Corte de Pedra is in a region endemic for ACL in the state of Bahia (BA), northeastern Brazil, with 500-1,300 patients treated annually. Over the last decade, population and family-based candidate gene studies were conducted in Corte de Pedra, founded on previous knowledge from studies on mice and humans. Notwithstanding limitations related to sample size and power, these studies contribute important genetic biomarkers that identify novel pathways of disease pathogenesis and possible new therapeutic targets. The present paper is a narrative review about ACL immunogenetics in BA, highlighting in particular the interacting roles of the wound healing gene FLI1 with interleukin-6 and genes SMAD2 and SMAD3 of the transforming growth factor beta signalling pathway. This research highlights the need for well-powered genetic and functional studies on Leishmania braziliensis infection as essential to define and validate the role of host genes in determining resistance/susceptibility regarding this disease.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Endemic Diseases , Genetic Markers/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/genetics , Brazil/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiologyABSTRACT
A gravidade do paciente ou o número de intervenções nem sempre serão proporcionais à carga de trabalho de enfermagem. Este estudo descritivo teve como objetivo demonstrar a trajetória da construção de um aplicativo (software) com o conteúdo do Nursing Activities Score e suas características operacionais. Foi realizado um teste piloto com 12 pacientes seguindo-se a coleta de dados por 90 dias consecutivos em 123 pacientes. Houve compatibilidade na transmissão de dados do Personal Digital Assistent para o computador de mesa, via wireless. A construção do aplicativo resultou em um sistema com coleta e administração de dados e permitiu realizar a interface gráfica. A utilização do aplicativo possibilita o uso de um sistema tecnológico para aplicação diária, com alimentação de um banco de dados sobre as características dos cuidados requeridos. Conhecendo a evolução destas variáveis durante a internação, o enfermeiro poderá planejar, intervir e avaliar a qualidade do cuidado.
Patients severity or the number of interventions will not always be proportional to the nursing staff's work load. This descriptive study aimed at demonstrating the trajectory for designing a computer application (software) with Nursing Activities Score content and its operational characteristics. A pilot test was conducted with 12 patients, which was followed by data collection from 123 patients for 90 consecutive days. Compatibility was observed in wireless data transmission from the Personal Digital Assistent to the desk computer. This application's construction resulted in a data collection and administration system, as well as enabled graphic interface. The use of the software allows for the utilization of a technological system with daily applications, with the support of a database concerning the characteristics of required care. With better understanding of the development of such variables during hospitalization, nurses will be able to plan, intervene, and evaluate care quality.
La gravedad de la enfermedad del paciente o el número de intervenciones no son siempre proporcionales a la carga de trabajo de la enfermería. Este estudio descriptivo tuvo como objetivo demostrar la trayectoria de la construcción de un aplicativo (software) con el contenido del Nursing Activities Score y sus características operacionales. Se realizó un test piloto con 12 pacientes y se recolectaron los datos por 90 días consecutivos en 123 pacientes. Hubo compatibilidad en la transmisión de datos del Personal Digital Assistent para la computadora de mesa inalámbrica. La construcción del aplicativo resultó en un sistema con recolección y administración de datos y permitió realizar la interfaz gráfica. La utilización del aplicativo posibilita el uso de un sistema tecnológico para aplicación diaria, con alimentación de un banco de datos sobre las características de los cuidados requeridos. Conociendo la evolución de estas variables durante la hospitalización, el enfermero podrá planificar, intervenir y evaluar la calidad del cuidado.